Your diode board is probably OK - to test it right you really need to use a multimeter with a diode test function, so that you can see the forward voltage drop across each diode, but the likelihood of a marginal diode, not fully failed, is fairly slim.
Electrons "flow" in the opposite direction of what we typically assume to be positive current flow. So, the electrons go from negative to positive terminals, "against" the direction of the arrow, but the current flow is take to be from positive to negative, in the direction of the arrow of the diode.
Now, to make your mind bend - do you know that it would take a single particular electron several hours to "move" from one end of a 4 foot long cable to the other end under the EMF of your 12V battery? But, electricity moves alot faster than that...