Yikes!
you may indeed have fallen victim to the O ring sealing failure, or something else. IT *could* also be that the oil pickup screen in the sump came off, but if you had recently changed the oil filter, well, statistically it tends to point to that.
Did you have any oil leaking from the oil filter cover? What order did you put the parts back on after replacing the filter? (e.g. metal shim, white O-ring, paper gasket, cover, or ??) How much oil did you put in with the filter change ? how long had the engine been running since the oil change and the occurrence of the sounds?