If you still have the oil filter, and old engine oil, cut the filter at the metal ends, unroll the filter media, and place it in a container with alcohol, mineral spirits, diesel fuel, and swish the filter around to get the metal out of the filter .
Strain the fluid through a paper towel, and then use a magnet to see if the material is iron based, or aluminum .
A test for aluminum, is to place a drop or two of battery acid on the flakes, if they are aluminum, they will boil and dissolve in the acid .
I would run the engine for a period of time, maybe 1,000 km., then remove the filter again, and take a good look at it .