I experienced this problem recently following reassembly.
I did a foolish thing and thought "Yeah, those o-rings look fine" (I have 2) and put the shaft back in. I also checked how many o-rings there should be, because there were, certainly, a number of extra grooves in my shaft.
On test riding, I found I had oil neatly distributed all around the rear wheel. Not a nice feeling.
Small job to disassemble, took the shaft to the local bearing shop (with o-rings intact) just before closing time on Saturday lunchtime and they measured, located the correct o-rings and advised me that the cost was going to be a whole 60 cents.
I left them some beer money as well and had the bike back on the road in about 30 minutes. No sign of a leak since. Happy customer.