The brownish color on the conrods and rocker arms is oil staining, or a mild "oil blackening," caused by soaking or quenching hot metal in oil. The more heat/the dirtier the oil the darker it will stain until you have yourself a cast iron frying pan. Metal porosity will affect the finish too.
Some people, such as metal sculptors, experiment with heating and oil quenching temps/concoctions to produce different finishes. I've put such a finish on an engine cover bracket that bolts to the carb throat on my 1964 Ariens snow thrower this way.