Brad,
To the best of my knowledge the only available replacement gas cap gasket is for 1977-on airheads and is a different configuration than the OEM cap seal. I found as you, it does not fit the tank filler lip as the original, but it does seal adequately and well with a little "wiggle" at the cap and seems to be typical for this fitment.
51 25 1 453 148 Gas Cap Gasket 77-on Airhead.
I also had to replace the cap ring or rain guard on my cap and it too seems to be of a different material than the original soft and subtle material. The replacement is quite stiff and seems to be made of plastic instead of the OEM soft rubber.
16 11 2 307 360 Gas Cap Filler Ring.
Even though I've never had serious trouble with any of my caps other than having to drill a vent hole, I heed the warning of others and never tighten fully or use the lock. Looking for wood to knock on...
-Mike V.